Publications
Referred Journal Articles
2024
* denotes student co-authors
†Xiao, S. X., †Martin, C. L., Fabes, R. A., Oswalt, K., Hanish, L. D., & DeLay, D(2023, November). Reducing the math and language arts gender gaps in elementary school students through gender integration. Learning and Individual Differences.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102380 [link]
Xiao, S. X., *Hoffer, A. L., *Benoit, R. L., *Scrofani, S., & Martin, C. L. (2023, June). Parents matter: Accepting parents have less anxious gender expansive children. Sex Roles.
Xiao, S. X., *Ren, H., Hanish, L. D., Miller, C. F., Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2023, May). Meet Up Buddy Up: An effective intervention to promote 4th grade students’ prosocial behavior toward diverse others. Frontiers in Developmental Psychology. [link]
Xiao, S. X., Korous, K. M., *Hewitt, S., & *Nguyen, D. (2023, May). Socioeconomic status and early adolescents’ prosocial behavior: The importance of considering types of prosocial behavior. Journal of Adolescence.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12196 [link]
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Martin, C. L., Xiao, S. X., Fabes, R. A., Hanish, L. D., DeLay, D., & Oswalt, K. (2023, April). Are coeducational classes truly coeducational? The Elementary School Journal. https://doi.org/10.3102/1883393 [link]
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Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Xiao, S. X., Xu, J., Berger, R. H., Pierotti, S. L., Laible, D. J., Carlo, G., Gal-Szabo, D., Janssen, J., Fraser, A., Xu, X., Wang, W., & Lopez, J. (2023, January). White children’s empathy-related responding and prosocial behavior toward White and Black children. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13841 [link]
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2022
*Jenkins, D., Xiao, S. X., & Martin, C. L. (2022, September). Does the gender of your friends matter for sexist attitudes about women? Emerging Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968221121165 [link]
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Wang, W., Spinrad, T. L., Laible, D., Janssen, J., Xiao, S. X., Xu, J., Berger, R., Eisenberg, N., Carlo, G., Gal-Szabo, D. E., Fraser, A., Lopez, J., & Xu, X. (2022, November). Parents’ color-blind racial ideology and implicit racial attitudes predict children’s race-based sympathy. Journal of Family Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001047 [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Spinrad, T. L., Xu, J., Gal-Szabo, Eisenberg, N., Laible, D. J., Berger, R. H., Carlo, G., & Xu, X. (2022, August). Parents’ valuing diversity and White children’s prosociality toward White and Black peers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101459 [link]
Hanish, L. D., Xiao, S. X., Malouf, L. M., Martin, C. L., Goble, P., Fabes, R. A., DeLay, D., & Bryce, C. I. (2022, June). The benefits of buddies: Strategically pairing preschoolers with other-gender classmates promotes positive interactions. Early Education and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2022.2090773 [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Martin, C. L., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., DeLay, D., Hanish, L. D., Fabes, R. A., & Oswalt, K. (2022, June). Being helpful to other-gender peers: School-age children’s gender-based intergroup prosocial behavior. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12426 [link]
Xiao, S. X., Hanish, L. D., *Malouf, L., Martin, C. L., Lecheile, B., Goble, P., Fabes, R. A., DeLay, D., & Bryce, C. I. (2022, April). Interactions with diverse peers promote preschoolers’ prosociality and reduce aggression: An examination of Buddy-Up intervention. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 60, 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.04.004 [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Shi, Q., Liew, J. (2022, March) Young adults’ intergroup prosocial behavior and its associations with social dominance orientation, social positions, prosocial moral obligations, and belongingness. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221096398 [link]
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Martin, C. L., Xiao, S. X., DeLay, D., Hanish, L. D., Fabes, R. A. Morris, S., & Oswalt, K. (2022, March). Gender integration and school-age children’s feelings of school belongingness: The importance of other-gender peers. Psychology in the Schools. [link]
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Xiao, S. X., *Hoffer, A., Martin, C.L., & *Jenkins, D. (2022, January). Early adolescents' gender typicality and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of a parental acceptance. The Journal of Early Adolescence. [link]
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2021
Xiao, S. X., Martin, C. L., DeLay, D., & Cook, R. E. (2021, April). ​A double-edged sword: Children's intergroup gender attitudes have social consequences for the beholder. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001065 [link]
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2020
Wang, W., Spinrad, T. L., Gal-Szabo, D. E., Laible, D., Xiao, S. X., Xu, J., Berger, R., Eisenberg, N., & Carlo, G. (2020, June). The relations of White parents’ implicit racial attitudes to their children’s differential empathic concern towards White and Black Victims. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. [link]
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Fraser, A. M., Hampton, R., Spinrad, T. L., Varnum, M., Eisenberg, N., Gal-Szabo, D., Berger, R. H., Xu, J., & Xiao, S. X. (2020, February). Children’s Mu suppression is sensitive to witnessing others’ social victimization. Social Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2020.1722220 [link]
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2019
Nielson, G. M., Xiao, S. X., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2019, October). Mars and Venus more alike than different: Tracking prosocial trends into young adulthood. Social Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12419 [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Hashi, E., & Korous, K. M., & Eisenberg, N. (2019, October). Gender differences across multiple types of prosocial behavior in adolescence: A meta-analysis of the Prosocial Tendency Measure-Revised (PTM-R). Journal of Adolescence, 77, 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.09.003
All study material are available at https://osf.io/8hjxe/ [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Cook, R. E., Martin, C. L., & Nielson, G. M. (2019, February). Characteristics of preschool gender enforcers and peers who associate with them. Sex Roles, 81, 671-685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01026-y [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Cook, R. E., Martin, C. L., Nielson, G. M., & Field, R. D. (2019, February). Will they listen to me? An examination of in-group gender bias in children’s communication beliefs. Sex Roles, 80, 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0924-6 [link]
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2018
Xiao, S. X., Spinrad, T. L., & Eisenberg, N. (2018, October). Longitudinal relations of preschoolers’ anger to prosocial behavior: The moderating role of dispositional shyness. Social Development, 28, 383-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12346 [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Spinrad, T. L., & Carter, D. B. (2018, July). Inductive discipline and preschoolers' prosocial behavior: The role of parental emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179, 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2018.1495611 [link]
2023
Xiao, S. X., Gülseven, Z., *Clancy, T. E., Liew, J., Carlo, G., *Kim, S. & Jiang, S. (2024). Measuring early adolescents’ prosocial behavior toward diverse others: Considering multiple social identities. Journal of Adolescence. [link]
Invited Book Chapters
Cook, R. E., Martin, C. L., Nielson, G. M., & Xiao, S. X. (2022, August). Contemporary Cognitive Approaches to Gender Development: New Schemas, New directions, and New Conceptualizations of Gender.
Encyclopedia Articles
Andrews, N. C. Z., Cook, R. E., Nielson, M. G., Xiao, S. X., & Martin, C. L. (2020, January). Gender in education. In T. L. Spinrad & J. Liew (Eds.), Social and Emotional Learning Section; D. Fisher (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Education (Online). Taylor & Francis: New York.
Selected Presentations
* denotes student co-authors
Jiang, S., Xiao, S. X., & Liew, J. (2023, April). Parental gender and ethnic socialization and how they relate to adolescents’ general and intergroup prosocial behaviors. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA), San Diego, CA, USA.
Xiao, S. X., Korous, K.M., *Hewitt, S. L., & *Nguyen, D. (2023, April). Economic pressure and early adolescents’ prosocial behavior: Considering the types of prosocial behavior. Poster blitz presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA), San Diego, CA, USA. [link]
*Kim, S., Xiao, S.X., *Clancy E., & *Shelby, K. (2023, March). The association between family economic pressure and adolescent school belongingness. Poster presented at the Future Health Professionals (HOSA) State Conference, Tucson, AZ. [link]
*Hoffer, A. L., Xiao, S. X., DeLay, D. M., Martin, C. L., & Hanish, L. D. (2023, March). Conversations with friends and media influence predicting aggression and social anxiety: Exploring moderation by gender. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development (SRCD), Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
† Xiao, S. X., † Martin, C. L., Hanish, L. D., DeLay, D., Fabes, R. A. & Oswalt, K. Improved STEM success in elementary school students through gender integration. (2023, March). In Farago, F., & Xiao, S. X. (co-chairs), Gender Gaps in STEM: Teacher Practices and Biases, Other-gender Peer Relationships, and Children’s Stereotypes. Symposium at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Agalar, A., Laible, D., Carlo, G., Liew, J., & Xiao, S. X. (2023, February). Parental support and color-conscious racial socialization practices: Relations to White adolescents’ racial attitudes. Podium presentation at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research annual meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Jiang, S., Liew, J., & Xiao, S. X. (2023, February). Predictors of young adults’ intragroup and intergroup prosocial behaviors: An intersectional study of gender and race. In Roos, J., & Carlo, G. (co-chairs), Helping Diverse Others: Correlates of Intergroup Prosocial Behaviors Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Symposium at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research annual meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Xiao, S. X., Jiang, S., *Nguyen, D., Liew, J., Martin, C., Carlo, G., Spinrad, T., & Eisenberg, N. (2023, February). Early Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior Toward Diverse Others: Predictions from Multiple Social Identities. In Roos, J., & Carlo, G. (co-chairs), Helping Diverse Others: Correlates of Intergroup Prosocial Behaviors Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Symposium at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research annual meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Xiao, S. X., *Ren, H., Hanish, L. D., Miller, C. F., Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2023, February). Meet Up and Buddy Up: Effective Strategies to Promote 4th Grade Students’ Gender- and Ethnicity-Based Prosocial Behavior. Podium presentation at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research annual meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Carlo, G., Laible, D., Xiao, S. X., Agalar, A., & Liew, J. (2023, February). Accounting for helping behaviors towards ethnic/racial outgroups among White, European heritage youth. Poster presented at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research annual meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Liew, J., Laible, D., Agalar, A., Carlo, G., & Xiao, S. X. (2023, February). Parents’ moral expansiveness as socialization mechanism for adolescents’ critical consciousness and intergroup relations. Poster presented at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research annual meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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*Kim, S., Xiao, S.X., *Clancy E., & *Shelby, K. (2023, January). The association between family economic pressure and adolescent school belongingness. Poster presented at the Future Health Professionals (HOSA) Regional Conference, Mesa, AZ. [link]
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Xiao, S. X., Martin, C. L., Fabes, R. A., Hanish, L. D., DeLay, D., & Oswalt, K. (2022, April). How coeducational are coeducational classes? Paper will be presented at 2022 American Education Research Association (AERA) Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
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Xiao, S. X., *Hoffer, A., Martin, C. L., & *Jenkins, D. (2022, March). Early adolescents’ gender typicality and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of parental acceptance. In Maheux, A. (Chair), An expanded view of gender: Implications of gender typicality and gender-based cognitions for diverse adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment. Symposium at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescent (SRA). New Orleans, Louisiana.
Shi, Q. Xiao, S. X., & Liew J. (2021, April). The relation between prosocial behavior and emerging adults' belongingness across gender and ethnic racial identities. In Xiao, S. X. (Chair), Diverse prosocial behavior and the correlates: Contextualized examinations from childhood to young adulthood. Symposium at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development (SRCD). Virtual conference.
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Xiao, S. X., Martin, C. L., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., DeLay, D. Hanish, L. D., & Fabes, R. A. (2021, April). School-age children’s intergroup prosocial behavior: Longitudinal predictions from cross-gender friendships and gender identity. In Xiao, S. X. (Chair), Diverse prosocial behavior and the correlates: Contextualized examinations from childhood to young adulthood. Symposium at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development (SRCD). Virtual conference. [link]
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Martin, C. L., Xiao, S. X., Hanish, L. D., DeLay, D., & Fabes, R. A. (2021, April). Gender integration and school-age children’s affective school outcomes: A longitudinal study. In Xiao, S. X. (Chair), Gender today: Advances in the gendered nature of children’s and adolescents’ peer relationships. Symposium at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development (SRCD). Virtual conference.
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​Spinrad, T. L., Gal-Szabo, Xiao, S. X., Xu, J., Berger, R. H., Pierotti, S. L., Eisenberg, N., Laible, D. J., & Carlo, G. (2020, May). Children’s race-based biases in sympathy, prosocial behavior, and attitudes towards White and Black Children. In T. Spinrad (Chair), Children’s attitudes, empathy, and behaviors towards various ingroup and outgroup peers. Paper to be presented at the 2020 Special Topics Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), San Juan, Puerto Rico.
​Xiao, S. X., Alexander, B., & Fabes, R. A. (2019). Head Start children’s prosocial behavior: An examination of mixed-gender play at preschool. Research presented at Diversity and Inclusion Science Initiative (DISI) Graduate Research Conference, Tempe, AZ. [link]
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Xiao, S. X., *Malouf, L., Hanish, L. D., Martin, C. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2021). Preschoolers’ interactions with other-gender peers promote prosocial behavior and reduce aggression: An examination of the Buddy-Up intervention. Poster presented at the Society for Prevention Research (SPR) 29th annual meeting. Virtual conference. [link]
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​*Benoit, R., *Hoffer, A., *Scrofani, S., Xiao, S. X., Martin, C. L. (2021, April). Gender identity and children’s school liking: The moderating role of parental acceptance. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development (SRCD), Virtual conference.
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​Xu, X., Spinrad, T. L., Wang, W., Xiao, S. X., Gal-Szabo, D. E., Fraser, A., Lopez, J., Janssen, J., Xu, J., Eisenberg, N., Laible, D., & Carlo, G. (2020, May). White children’s effortful control and prosociality toward outgroup: Moderating role of parental implicit race attitudes. Poster presented at the Construction of the ‘Other’ special topic meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Gal-Szabo, D., Williams, J., Spinrad, T. L., Xiao, S. X., Xu, J., Berger, R. H., Laible, D. J., Eisenberg, N., & Carlo, G. (2020, May). The longitudinal relations of White parents’ color-blind racial ideology to their racial socialization practices. In L. Gaias (Chair), The Role of Key Socializers in Promoting Messages Regarding Race and Racism for Children and Adolescents. Paper presented at the Construction of the ‘Other’ special topic meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Xiao, S. X. Spinrad, T. L., Wang, W., Gal-Szabo, D., Xu, J., Berger, R. H., Eisenberg, N., Laible, D. J., & Carlo, G. (2020, May). Parental racial attitudes and White children's prosocial bias toward racial outgroups: The moderating role of parental warmth. Poster presented at the Construction of the ‘Other’ special topic meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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*Jenkins, D., Xiao, S. X., & Martin, C. L. (2020). Having female friends is related to lower sexist and sexualization attitudes in men. Research accepted for the biennial meeting of Society for Research on Adolescent (SRA), San Diego, CA. https://tinyurl.com/y5y6y97j (Conference Cancelled) [link]